Jaw crushers for reducing refuse and waste to a suitable size

ABSTRACT

A jaw crusher for the reduction of refuse and waste to a suitable size has first jack means which is adapted to provide a normal cutting or shearing movement, and second jack means which is adapted, when the crusher has been jammed by some obstruction and automatically locked, to displace the jaws a short distance with a force greater than that attainable by the first jack means.

United States Patent [1 1 Nobelius Jan. 21, 1975 1 JAW CRUSHERS FOR REDUCING REFUSE AND WASTE TO A SUITABLE SIZE' [75] Inventor:

[73] Assignee: Bruun & Sorensen AB, Farsta,

Sweden 22 Filed: July 20,1973

21 Appl. No.: 381,239

Gustav Nobelius, Hagersten, Sweden [52] US. Cl. 241/269 [51] Int. Cl. B02c 1/04 [58] Field of Search 241/33, 36, 198 R, 262, 241/264, 267-269; 100/233 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,931,585 4/1960 Butler 241/269 X 3,128,954 4/1964 Davidson .L. 241/269 3,223,334 12/1965 Wiithrich 241/36 3,300,149 1/1967 Lemardeley et al..... 241/36 3,326,479 6/1967 Connolly et al. 241/268v 3,739,927 6/1973 Gollnick 100/233 X 3,752,064 8/1973 Suzuki 1. 100/233 X Primary Examiner-Granvi|le Y. Custer, Jr. Assistant ExaminerHoward N. Goldberg Attorney, Agent, or FirmBucknam and Archer [57] ABSTRACT A jaw crusher for the reduction of refuse and waste to a suitable size has first jack means which is adapted to provide a normal cutting or shearing movement, and second jack means which is adapted, when the crusher has been jammed by some obstruction and automatically locked, to displace the jaws a short distance with a force greater than that attainable by the first jack means.

5 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures PATENTEDMNE H915 SHEET 10F 6 PGE PATENTEDJANZHQY5 3.861504 SHEET 2 [IF 6 I FIG.2

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FIG.L

JAW CRUSHERS FOR REDUCING REFUSE AND WASTE TO A SUITABLE SIZE This invention relates to a jaw crusher for reducing refuse, waste and like matter to a suitable size, comprising at least one movable jaw which is pivotally mounted to permit being swung against at least one further jaw by jack means.

To facilitate incineration and other treatment of refuse and waste matter the waste, before being collected for further processing, should be reduced to small pieces. Particularly when the waste contains parts and details from torn-down buildings, large metal objects, etc., it is imperative that such a size reduction take place. Prior-art jaw crushers were often jammed by large objects or by such objects as required large forces for their disintegration. A conventional jaw crusher for the reduction of waste to small pieces generally has two jaw assemblies which work in opposition and are driven by suitable jack means. The jaws are generally provided with a sensing device which senses if the jaw assemblies have been jammed by some object and, if so, interrupts the power supply. With the interruption of the power supply, the jaw assemblies are again opened and then receive a new pulse to close. If the object can be reduced in said closing movement the jaw assemblies return only after they have reached their end position; otherwise the just described procedure is repeated. The prior-art jaw crushers do not always operate satisfactorily since it often happens that they cannot, despite repeated attempts, reduce objects to a suitable size for their intended uses, and these objects will therefore jam the crusher.

This invention has for its object to provide a jaw crusher which, as distinct from prior-art crushers, adjusts the jack means actuating the jaw assemblies in such a way that any objects encountered in practice can be reduced in size in the intended manner, without any risk of jamming. To this end, the jaw crusher is characterized in that the movable jaw includes two parts interconnected by link means, the first of which parts is actuated by the jack means and is provided with a device for locking it in a position of displacement which it has reached by the action of the jack means, and in that further jack means is adapted, by actuation of the link means, to realize a further short displacement of the jaw with a force greater than that attainable by the first jack means.

A preferred embodiment of the jaw crusher according to the invention will be more fully described hereinbelow with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 shows a side view of a jaw crusher according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the jaw crusher;

FIG. 3 shows the jaw crusher in FIG. 1 as seen from the left in the figure,

FIG. 4 shows a section of the jaw crusher on line A-A in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5, on a larger scale, shows a cross-section of a portion adjacent the mounting of the jaw fulcrum;

FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal section of the same portion as in FIG. 5.

The jaw crusher which is primarily intended for large-piece waste, industrial and building waste, torndown building parts and like material which is difficult to reduce to a suitable size, is erected around and in a framework 1. The framework comprises two end wall portions 2, a front brace 3 and a rear brace 4 and a sup porting beam 5. The framework 1 is so designed that the component parts thereof are individually transportable and otherwise so arranged as to take up, within the framework, all forces arising in operation. This implies that the adjoining portions 6 of the fundament will remain entirely unaffected by said forces.

The crushing device proper comprises two jaw assemblies, viz.,.a stationary assembly 7 and a pivotally mounted assembly 8. The stationary jaw assembly 7 comprises a number of jaws 9 which are engaged at their upper ends with the front brace 3 and are carried at their lower ends by the supporting beam 5. The jaws 9 are fastened in such a way as to permit ready exchange or being equipped with new teeth or cutting edges. The pivotally mounted jaw assembly 8 comprises jaws 11 located between the stationary jaws and mounted at their lower ends about a fulcrum 24, said jaws 11 being connected at their upper ends with a transverse beam 13 via link means 12 to be described hereinbelow. These jaws 11 are also exchangeable or can be equipped with new teeth or cutting edges 10.,

The beam 13 which is rigid, i.e., resistant to bending stresses, is connected with a pair of limbs 14 which in turn are arranged for pivotment about the same axis as the movable jaw assembly 8 and thus constitute a yoke 15 straddling said jaw assembly.

As will appear most clearly from FIGS. 5 and 6 the jaws 11, like the limbs 14, are individually mounted. The jaws 11 and the limbs 14 are provided at their lower ends with a fork-shaped portion 16 and 17, respectively. Said portion is adapted to be passed over a portion 18 and 19, respectively, which is in the form of a lug and disposed at a bracket 20 and 21, respectively, which is mounted at each jaw and at said limbs. Said brackets straddle the supporting beam 5 and are fastened thereto by bolted connections. A short pivot or fulcrum 24 extends through an opening in the portion 18 and 19, respectively, and through openings in the fork-shaped portions 16 and 17 in which roller bearings, preferably needle type bearings, are inserted.

As far as maintenance is concerned, an essential advantage gained by the construction described is that only the damaged jaw with its bearing need be removed when repairs to the jaw assembly become necessary. This is a very important advantage compared to older constructions with a common through shaft.

The means providing the pivotment of the jaw assembly comprise, in the embodiment illustrated, a number of hydraulic cylinder and piston units 25 which are interposed between the rear brace 4 and the rigid beam 13. When pressure medium is supplied to the cylinder and piston units 25, the means move the yoke 15 with the jaw assembly 8 in a forward direction.

As earlier mentioned, the movable jaws are connected with the rigid beam 13 via link means 12. One

end of said link means, which comprise links 26 and 27 arranged in pairs, is pivotally connected with the upper end of each of the jaws 11, and the opposite end is pivoted to one lug in a pair of lugs 28 corresponding to the number of jaws and fastened to the rigid beam 13. A fastening for one end of a further cylinder and piston unit 30 is arranged at the fulcrum 29 between the links 26 and 27 which are comprised in each of the link pairs and which in inoperative position make an obtuse angle with one another. The opposite end of the cylinder and piston unit 30 which may preferably be supplied and evacuated through conduits formed by the hollow profiles in the rigid beam 13, is connected with said beam. In the position of rest, illustrated in the drawing, in which the cylinder and piston unit 30 is inoperative, the link means 12 constitutes a rigid connection between the rigid beam 13 and the jaws.

Finally, two locking devices 31, indicated by dash lines, are provided at the extremities of the rigid beam 13. These locking devices include brake shoes 32, shown by dash lines and operable by cylinder and piston units. The brake shoes 32 are adapted to engage arcuate metal sheets 33 which are fastened to each end wall portion 2.

The jaw crusher described above functions as follows. When pressure medium is supplied to the cylinder and piston units 25 the yoke 15 and as a result the jaws ll begin to swing forwardly towards the stationary jaws 9. When the waste is of a loose nature the jaws reach their end position in one and the same operative stroke, whereupon they are returned for a renewed stroke. When, however, the resistance to some jaw or jaws is too large, a pulse is transmitted via a pressure sensing means in the hydraulic system of the cylinder and piston units to a valve means which supplies pressure medium to the locking device, the brake shoes 32 engaging the metal sheet 33 and locking the yoke 15 in the position reached. After that, the supply of pressure medium to the cylinder and piston units is opened and these units then urge the fulcrums of the links 26 and 27 in a downward direction, straightening the link pair, whereby a toggle action arises. By this action the jaws will be operated by a force many times greater than that which can be produced by the cylinder and piston units 25, the jaws being urged a short distance forwardly. Then the brake shoes 32 are disengaged from the metal sheets 33, and the cylinder and piston units 25 push the yoke 15 forwardly, simultaneously as the units 30 are evacuated so that the links resume their angular position. Should the obstructing large object still exert too large a resistance, the procedure of looking and moving the jaws forwardly is repeated with the aid of the toggle arrangement until the obstructing object has been cut through, whereupon the movement of the jaws is continued with the aid of the cylinder and piston units 25.

From the foregoing description, the artisan will ap preciate that the invention in general provides an apparatus for crushing materials which comprises a base frame 1; a plurality of jaws 9, ll alternately arranged in a pair of opposed jaw assemblies 7, 8 supported by said base frame 1 for relative pivotal movement; powered actuator 25, 30 means connected to one of said jaw assemblies 8 and operable to forcibly move same toward the other jaw assembly 7 to crush materials placed between said jaw assemblies 7, 8, said actuator means 25, 30 including a first actuator 25 operable to move said one jaw assembly 8 over a given displacement with a given maximum force, a second actuator 30 operable to move said one jaw 8 over an additional given displacement less than that of the first actuator 25 and with a maximum effective force greater than that of the first actuator 25, and linkage means 12, 26, 27, 28, 29 connected to said first and second actuators 25, 30 and connected to said one jaw assembly 8 to impart thereto cumulative movements of said first and second actuators 25, 30.

More specifically, the invention utilizes a yoke 15 having a generally rigid beam 13 associated with a moveable jaw assembly 8, this beam 13 being connected at 28 to the first actuator 25 for movement thereby, and the moveable jaw assembly 8 being connected to beam 13 by a toggle linkage device by elements 26, 27 and 29. The second actuator 30 is supported by beam 13 for movement therewith and drives the toggle linkage at its center point 29.

The releasable lock means 31 with brake shoes 32 is operable to lock the beam 13 to a part 33 of the base frame against further movement by the actuator 25. As can be more readily seen from FIG. 4, locking the beam 13 to the sheets 33 in effect presents reaction forces imposed by toggle link member 27 from being transmit ted against the actuator 25 and such reaction forces as are applied to the lugs 28 on beam 13 by reason of the operation of actuator 30 will be transmitted back to the base frame through the sheets 33.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. An apparatus for crushing materials which comprises a base frame; a plurality of jaws alternately arranged in a pair of opposed jaw assemblies supported by said base frame for relative pivotal movement; powered actuator means connected to one of said jaw assemblies and operable to forcibly move same toward the other jaw assembly to crush materials placed between said jaw assemblies, said actuator means including a first actuator operable to move said one jaw assembly over a given displacement with a given maximum force, a second actuator operable to move said one jaw over an additional given displacement less than that of the first actuator and with a maximum effective force greater than that of the first actuator, and linkage means connected to said first and second actuators and connected to said one jaw assembly to impart thereto cumulative movements of said first and second actuators.

2. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said linkage means include a toggle linkage having a center pivot driven by said second actuator.

3. An apparatus according to claim 1 including a generally rigid beam associated with said one moveable jaw assembly, said beam being connected to said first actuator for movement thereby, and said moveable jaw assembly being connected to said beam by a toggle linkage.

4. An apparatus according to claim 3 including releasable lock means operable to lock said beam to a part of said base frame against further movement by said first actuator.

5. An apparatus according to claim 3 wherein said second actuator is supported by said beam for movement therewith. 

1. An apparatus for crushing materials which comprises a base frame; a plurality of jaws alternately arranged in a pair of opposed jaw assemblies supported by said base frame for relative pivotal movement; powered actuator means connected to one of said jaw assemblies and operable to forcibly move same toward the other jaw assembly to crush materials placed between said jaw assemblies, said actuator means including a first actuator operable to move said one jaw assembly over a given displacement with a given maximum force, a second actuator operable to move said one jaw over an additional given displacement less than that of the first actuator and with a maximum effective force greater than that of the first actuator, and linkage means connected to said first and second actuators and connected to said one jaw assembly to impart thereto cumulative movements of said first and second actuators.
 2. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said linkage means include a toggle linkage having a center pivot driven by said second actuator.
 3. An apparatus according to claim 1 including a generally rigid beam associated with said one moveable jaw assembly, said beam being connected to said first actuator for movement thereby, and said moveable jaw assembly being connected to said beam by a toggle linkage.
 4. An apparatus according to claim 3 including releasable lock means operable to lock said beam to a part of said base frame against further movement by said first actuator.
 5. An apparatus according to claim 3 wherein said second actuator is supported by said beam for movement therewith. 